American Hockey League

The American Hockey League (AHL) is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based primarily in the United States that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League (NHL). In the 2010–11 AHL season, every team in the league has an affiliation agreement with a National Hockey League team; in the past, one or two NHL teams would not have an AHL affiliate and would assign players to other teams' organizations. Twenty-six AHL teams are located in the United States and the remaining four are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is David Andrews.

The annual playoff champion is awarded the Calder Cup, named for Frank Calder, the first President (1917–1943) of the NHL. The current champions are the Hershey Bears.

Predecessor leagues
The AHL traces its origins directly to two predecessor professional leagues: the Canadian-American Hockey League (aka "Can-Am" League) founded in 1926, and the first International Hockey League established in 1929. Although the Can-Am League never operated with more than six teams, for the first time in its history it dropped after the 1935–36 season to just four member cities: Springfield, Philadelphia, Providence and New Haven. At the same time the then rival International Hockey League lost half of its eight members after the 1935–36 season leaving it as well with just four clubs located in Buffalo, Syracuse, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland.

1936–38
With both leagues down to the barest minimum in membership needed to operate, the governors of each recognized the necessity to take proactive steps to assure the long-term survival of their member clubs. To that end they all decided the logical solution to their common problem was for the two leagues to play an interlocking schedule with each other. Styled as the International-American Hockey League, the two older leagues' eight surviving clubs thus began joint play in November 1936, as a new two division "circuit of mutual convenience" with the four Can-Am teams constituting the I-AHL East Division and the IHL's quartet playing as the West Division. In addition, the IHL also contributed its former championship silver, the F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy, which would go to the regular season winners of the West Division in the new I-AHL until 1952. (The Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular season winners of the AHL's current seven-team East Division.)

A little more than a month into that first season, however, the balance and symmetry of the new combined circuit suffered an early setback when its membership unexpectedly fell to seven as the West's Buffalo Bisons were forced to cease operations on December 6, 1936, after playing just 11 games because of what proved to be insurmountable financial problems and lack of access to a suitable arena (the Bisons' original arena, Peace Bridge Arena, had collapsed the prior season). The makeshift new I-AHL thus played out the rest of its first season (as well as all of the next) with just seven teams.

A modified three-round playoff format was devised and a new championship trophy, the Calder Cup, was established which was awarded for the first time at the end of the 1936–37 season play-offs to the Syracuse Stars who defeated the Philadelphia Ramblers in the finals, three-games-to-one. Now second only to the Stanley Cup in both age and prestige among North American hockey's championship awards, the Calder Cup continues on today as the AHL's playoff trophy.

Formal consolidation of the I-AHL
After two seasons of interlocking play, the governors of the two leagues' seven active teams met in New York City on June 28, 1938, and agreed that it was time to formally consolidate. Maurice Podoloff of New Haven, the former head of the C-AHL which had also been operating as the combined league's Eastern Division, was elected the I-AHL's first president. Former IHL president John Chick of Windsor, Ontario, and head of the I-AHL's Western Division, became vice-president in charge of officials.

The new I-AHL also added an eighth franchise at the 1938 meeting to fill the void in its membership left by the loss of Buffalo two years earlier with the admission of the then two-time defending EAHL champion Hershey Bears. (Almost seven decades later, Hershey remains the only one of these eight original I-AHL/AHL cities to have been represented in the league without interruption since the 1938–39 season.) Beginning with the 1938–39 season, the newly merged circuit also increased its regular season schedule for each team by six games from 48 to 54.

Contraction, resurrection, and expansion
The AHL (as it was renamed after the 1939–40 season) generally enjoyed both consistent success on the ice and relative financial stability over its first three decades of operation. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, however, the cost of doing business in pro hockey began to rise precipitously with the frequent expansions of the NHL in 1967, 1970, 1972, and 1974, and especially the advent in 1972 of the twelve-team World Hockey Association (WHA), increased the number of major league teams competing for players from six to thirty in just seven years. Player salaries at all levels shot up dramatically with the increased demand and competition for their services. To help compensate for this increased expense many NHL clubs cut way back on the number of players they kept under contract for development, and players under AHL contracts could now also demand much higher paychecks to remain with their clubs. As a result within a period of just three years from 1974 to 1977 half of the AHL's teams folded dropping the league from twelve clubs to just six. Making the AHL's situation even bleaker as the 1977–78 season approached was the news that the Providence Reds—the last surviving uninterrupted franchise from 1936–37—had decided to cease operations.

The AHL appeared in serious danger of folding altogether in another year or two if this dangerous downward trend were not reversed. As these clouds appeared their darkest, however, two events in the Fall of 1977 helped reverse the trend and began the league back to the great health it enjoys today. The first of these was the decision of the Philadelphia Flyers to return to the league as a team owner. The second was the unexpected collapse of the North American Hockey League just weeks before the start of the 1977–78 season.

The Flyers' new AHL franchise became the immediately successful Maine Mariners which brought the new AHL city of Portland, Maine both the regular season and Calder Cup play-off titles in each of that club's first two seasons of operation. The folding of the NAHL meanwhile left two of its member cities which wanted to continue to operate teams—Philadelphia and Binghamton—suddenly without a league to play in. Binghamton solved its problem by acquiring and moving the Reds' franchise from Providence and joined the league as the Binghamton Dusters (aka Broome Dusters). The Philadelphia Firebirds acquired an expansion franchise as did the new Hampton (VA) Gulls, to boost the AHL to nine member clubs as the 1977–78 season opened. (Hampton folded on February 10, 1978, but was replaced the next year by the New Brunswick Hawks.) The league continued to grow steadily over the years reaching 20 clubs by the 2000–01 season.

Absorption of the IHL
In 2001–02 its membership jumped dramatically to 27 in 2001–02 mostly by absorbing six cities—Milwaukee, Chicago, Houston, Salt Lake City (as Utah), Winnipeg (as Manitoba), and Grand Rapids—from the International Hockey League when that long time rival circuit folded after fifty-six seasons of operation (1945–2001). The Utah Grizzlies suspended operations after the 2004–05 season (the franchise was sold in 2006 and returned to the ice in Cleveland in 2007 as the Lake Erie Monsters). The Chicago Wolves (2002, 2008), Houston Aeros (2003), and Milwaukee Admirals (2004) have each already won a Calder Cup playoff title since joining the AHL from the IHL. Chicago and Milwaukee have made multiple trips to the playoff finals since their inception into the league. One oddity caused by this expansion is that the league now has two teams with the same nickname: the Milwaukee Admirals and the Norfolk Admirals; the latter transferred from the mid-level ECHL.

Timeline

 * Buffalo Bisons (1936; folded)
 * Cleveland Falcons (1936–1937; renamed the Cleveland Barons)
 * New Haven Eagles (1936–1943; folded during WWII resurrected 1945)
 * Philadelphia Ramblers (1936–1941, renamed Philadelphia Rockets)
 * Pittsburgh Hornets (1936–1956; went on hiatus to wait for new arena, returned 1961)
 * Providence Reds (1936–1976; renamed Rhode Island Reds)
 * Springfield Indians (1936–1942; suspended during WWII; returned 1946)
 * Syracuse Stars (1936–1940; became Buffalo Bisons)
 * Cleveland Barons (1937–1973; became Jacksonville Barons)
 * Hershey Bears (1938–present)
 * Indianapolis Capitals (1939–1952; folded)
 * Buffalo Bisons (1940–1970; folded)
 * Philadelphia Rockets (1941–1942) folded
 * Washington Lions (1941–1943; folded)
 * St. Louis Flyers (1944–1953; folded)
 * New Haven Eagles (1945–1946, renamed New Haven Ramblers)
 * Springfield Indians (1946–1951; became Syracuse Warriors)
 * Philadelphia Rockets (1946–1949; folded)
 * New Haven Ramblers (1946–1950, renamed New Haven Eagles)
 * Washington Lions (1947–1949; became Cincinnati Mohawks)
 * Cincinnati Mohawks (1949–1952; transferred to IHL)
 * New Haven Eagles (1950–1951, folded)
 * Syracuse Warriors (1951–1954; became Springfield Indians)
 * Springfield Indians (1954–1967; renamed Springfield Kings)
 * Rochester Americans (1956–present)
 * Quebec Aces (1959–1971; became Richmond Robins)
 * Pittsburgh Hornets (1961–1967; folded)
 * Baltimore Clippers (1962–1976; folded)
 * Springfield Kings (1967–1974; renamed Springfield Indians)
 * Montreal Voyageurs (1969–1971; became Nova Scotia Voyageurs)
 * Nova Scotia Voyageurs (1971–1984; became Sherbrooke Canadiens)
 * Boston Braves (1971–1974; suspended, became Moncton Hawks)
 * Cincinnati Swords (1971–1974; folded)
 * Richmond Robins (1971–1976; folded)
 * Tidewater Wings (1971–1972; played in Norfolk; renamed Virginia Wings)
 * Virginia Wings (1972–1975; played in Norfolk; became Adirondack Red Wings)
 * Jacksonville Barons (1973–1974; folded)
 * New Haven Nighthawks (1972–1992; became New Haven Senators)
 * Springfield Indians (1974–1994; became Worcester Ice Cats)
 * Syracuse Eagles (1974–1975; folded)
 * Rhode Island Reds (1976–1977) became Binghamton Dusters)
 * Hampton Gulls (1977–1978; folded)
 * Binghamton Dusters (1977–1980; renamed Binghamton Whalers)
 * Maine Mariners (1977–1992; became Providence Bruins)
 * Philadelphia Firebirds (1977–1979; became Syracuse Firebirds)
 * New Brunswick Hawks (1978–1982; became Moncton Alpines)
 * Adirondack Red Wings (1979–1999; folded)
 * Syracuse Firebirds (1979–1980; folded)
 * Binghamton Whalers (1980–1990; renamed Binghamton Rangers)
 * Erie Blades (1981–1982; merged into Baltimore Skipjacks)
 * Fredericton Express (1981–1988; became Halifax Citadels)
 * Baltimore Skipjacks (1982–1993; became Portland Pirates)
 * Moncton Alpines (1982–1984; renamed Moncton Golden Flames)
 * Sherbrooke Jets (1982–1984; folded)
 * St. Catharines Saints (1982–1986; became Newmarket Saints)
 * Nova Scotia Oilers (1984–1988; became Cape Breton Oilers)
 * Sherbrooke Canadiens (1984–1990; became Fredericton Canadiens)
 * Moncton Golden Flames (1984–1987; folded)
 * Newmarket Saints (1986–1991; became St. John's Maple Leafs)
 * Moncton Hawks (1987–1994; folded)
 * Utica Devils (1987–1993; became Saint John Flames)
 * Cape Breton Oilers (1988–1996; became Hamilton Bulldogs)
 * Halifax Citadels (1988–1993; became Cornwall Aces)
 * Binghamton Rangers (1990–1997; became Hartford Wolf Pack)
 * Capital District Islanders (1990–1993; became Albany River Rats)
 * Fredericton Canadiens (1990–1999; became Quebec Citadelles)
 * St. John's Maple Leafs (1991–2005; became Toronto Marlies)
 * Providence Bruins (1992–present)
 * Hamilton Canucks (1992–1994; became Syracuse Crunch)
 * New Haven Senators (1992–1993; became Prince Edward Island Senators)
 * Albany River Rats (1993–2010; became Charlotte Checkers)
 * Portland Pirates (1993–present)
 * Prince Edward Island Senators (1993–1996; became Binghamton Senators)
 * Saint John Flames (1993–2003; became Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights)
 * Cornwall Aces (1993–1996; became Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins)
 * Springfield Falcons (1994–present)
 * Syracuse Crunch (1994–present)
 * Worcester IceCats (1994–2005; became Peoria Rivermen)
 * Baltimore Bandits (1995–1997; became Cincinnati Mighty Ducks)
 * Carolina Monarchs (1995–1997; became Beast of New Haven)
 * Philadelphia Phantoms (1996–2009; became Adirondack Phantoms)
 * Hamilton Bulldogs (1996–present; merged with Quebec Citadelles 2002–03, demerged creating Toronto Roadrunners 2003–04)
 * Kentucky Thoroughblades (1996–2001; became Cleveland Barons)
 * Cincinnati Mighty Ducks (1997–2005; became Rockford IceHogs)
 * Beast of New Haven (1997–1999; folded)
 * Hartford Wolf Pack (1997–2010; became Connecticut Whale)
 * Lowell Lock Monsters (1998–2006; became Lowell Devils)
 * Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins (1999–present)
 * Louisville Panthers (1999–2001; became Iowa Stars)
 * Quebec Citadelles (1999–2002; merged with Hamilton Bulldogs)
 * Norfolk Admirals (2000–present)
 * Bridgeport Sound Tigers (2001–present)
 * Chicago Wolves (2001–present)
 * Grand Rapids Griffins (2001–present)
 * Houston Aeros (2001–present)
 * Manchester Monarchs (2001–present)
 * Manitoba Moose (2001–present)
 * Milwaukee Admirals (2001–present)
 * Cleveland Barons (2001–2006; became Worcester Sharks)
 * Utah Grizzlies (2001–2005; became Lake Erie Monsters)
 * Binghamton Senators (2002–present)
 * San Antonio Rampage (2002–present)
 * Toronto Roadrunners (2003–2004; became Edmonton Road Runners)
 * Edmonton Road Runners (2004–2005; dormant 2005-2010, became Oklahoma City Barons)
 * Iowa Stars (2005–2008; became Iowa Chops)
 * Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights (2005–2007; became Quad City Flames)
 * Peoria Rivermen (2005–present)
 * Toronto Marlies (2005–present)
 * Lowell Devils (2006–2010; became Albany Devils)
 * Worcester Sharks (2006–present)
 * Lake Erie Monsters (2007–present)
 * Quad City Flames (2007–2009; became Abbotsford Heat)
 * Rockford IceHogs (2007–present)
 * Iowa Chops (2008–2009; suspended, then became Texas Stars)
 * Adirondack Phantoms (2009–present)
 * Texas Stars (2009–present, assumed suspended Iowa Chops franchise in 2010)
 * Abbotsford Heat (2009–present)
 * Albany Devils (2010–present)
 * Charlotte Checkers (2010–present)
 * Oklahoma City Barons (2010–present)
 * Connecticut Whale (2010–present)

AHL All-Star Game
The American Hockey League first held an All-Star Game in the 1941–42 season. The event was not played again until the 1954–55 season, and was then held annually until the 1959–60 season. In the 1994–95 season, the AHL revived the events again, and has been played every season since. The skills competition was first introduced for the 1995–96 season. The PlanetUSA team is made up of players born outside of Canada and the Canada team is made up of players born within Canada.

AHL Hall of Fame
On January 6, 2006, the league announced the first inductees into the AHL's new Hall of Fame: The founding members were formally inducted, on February 1, 2006.
 * Johnny Bower
 * Jack Butterfield
 * Jody Gage
 * Fred Glover
 * Willie Marshall
 * Frank Mathers
 * Eddie Shore

Trophies and awards
The following is a list of awards of the American Hockey League.
 * AHL Hall of Fame
 * hockeydb.com

Individual awards

 * Les Cunningham Award - Most valuable player (1947–48)
 * John B. Sollenberger Trophy - Top point scorer (1947–48)
 * Willie Marshall Award - Top goal scorer (2003–04)
 * Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award - Rookie of the year (1947–48)
 * Eddie Shore Award - Defenceman of the year (1958–59)
 * Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award - Best Goaltender (1983–84)
 * Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award - Lowest Goals against average (1947–48)
 * Louis A.R. Pieri Memorial Award - Coach of the year (1967–68)
 * Fred T. Hunt Memorial Award - Sportsmanship / Perseverance (1977–78)
 * Yanick Dupre Memorial Award - Community Service Award (1997–98)
 * Jack A. Butterfield Trophy - MVP of the playoffs (1983–84)

Team awards

 * Calder Cup - Playoffs champions (1936–37)
 * Richard F. Canning Trophy - Eastern Conference playoff champions (1989–90)
 * Robert W. Clarke Trophy - Western Conference playoff champions (1989–90)
 * Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy - Regular season champions, League (1997–98)
 * Frank Mathers Trophy - Regular Season champions, Eastern Conference (1995–96)
 * Norman R. "Bud" Poile Trophy - Regular Season champions, Western Conference (2001–02)
 * Emile Francis Trophy - Regular Season champions, Atlantic Division (2001–02)
 * F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy - Regular Season champions, East Division (1936–37)†
 * Sam Pollock Trophy - Regular Season champions, North Division (1995–96)
 * John D. Chick Trophy - Regular Season champions, West Division (1961–62)

† Trophy predates American Hockey League, established 1926–27 in the Canadian Professional Hockey League.

Other awards

 * James C. Hendy Memorial Award - Executive of the Year (1961–62)
 * Thomas Ebright Memorial Award - Outstanding career contributions (1997–98)
 * James H. Ellery Memorial Awards - Outstanding media coverage (1964–65)
 * Ken McKenzie Award - Marketing Executive of the Year (1978–79)
 * Michael Condon Memorial Award - Outstanding service, On-ice official (2001–02)